At an estimated <20% of the cost of constructing typical prefabricated buildings (Erith, 2021g), it is proposed the revolution of mass-customisable 3D-printed earthen structures compels the development of a novel architectural language. Across the world, First Nations knowledges are being translated and applied to a myriad of social and environmental design challenges.

Consider a project imbued with, and iterated through North American First Nations’ design pottery traditions: ‘Mud Frontiers’ projects by Emerging Objects–Co-founded by Ronald Rael (UC, Berkeley) and Virginia San Fratello (San José State University)– utilised a simple robot to 3D-print four clay structural concepts from local earth and clay in the San Luis Valley, Colorado; ‘Hearth’, ‘Beacon’, ‘Lookout' and ‘Kiln’ (Ronald Rael, 2021).